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this study revealed increased breast cancer risk in women on "estrogen" and "testosterone" therapy.  Now, several problems here: first, are these synthetic hormone or bioidentical.  Second, the dosages appear, in what is written, to be supra physiologic.  Third, giving supra physiologic estradiol and testosterone will obviously create imbalances and growth potential.  Fourth, how were the women evaluated prior to starting hormone therapy and then were they remonitered (unlikely), fifth, were hormone metabolites evaluated (too, also unlikely).  This study has serious flaws and very little can be extrapolated other than: don't take supra physiologic hormone levels without appropriate evaluation.  Enough said

Interesting study looked PCOS and the sympathetic vagal system and cardiovascular disease risk. They found that those with PCOS were found to have sympathovagal imbalance and decreased HRV.  Low HRV has been clearly associated with increased cardiovascular disease.  They also found insulin resistance and dyslipidemia to be associated with sympthovagal imbalance and cardiovascular risk as well.

Diabetes associated with low serum testosterone.  This study points to a 4.7 fold decrease.  This is accompanied by a 2.9 fold increase in estradiol.  Castration worsened this imbalance by decreasing the testosterone level further.  Likely the low T and increased aromatase activity aid in the development of diabetic renal disease. Numerous studies have shown that testosterone therapy improves glucose homeostasis.

Sex hormone imbalance plays a role in hypothyroidism.

The authors of this paper describe BPH as a metabolic disease: involving inflammation with increased expression of TLRs, hormone imbalance and altered metabolism

Study finds non-hormonal therapy to manage hot flashes in postmenopausal women--drug them.  The authors of this study, looked to gabapentin, also known as neurontin to treat hot flashes.  Instead of looking at the causes: hormone imbalance, stress... these authors looked to a sedating drug.  The dosing of neurontin was 900 mg.   Most can't stand at this dose.  This study points to the lunacy in the research today.  Very soon, there will be the walking dead among us.  They will be the walking doped instead of dead.

Increased rate of autoimmune thyroid disease found in women with the hormonal imbalances found in PCOS.  

The progesterone metabolites effect ER expression.

PCOS is not a birth control pill deficiency, but a complex hormonal imbalance

This article points to the impact of T:E2 on ED in men.  A declining T:E2 increases ED in older men.  

animal study finds that Testosterone therapy is cardioprotective in a preventative mode and with myocardial injury.  Normalization of Testosterone in these animals with low T reduced infant injury size and improved heart function.  

aromatase inhibition in men to increase Testosterone:Estradiol ratio.  Men with infertility have a low Testosterone:Estradiol ratio.  Aromatase inhibitors inhibit Testosterone to Estradiol conversion

Hashimoto's thyroid disease associated with PCOS in women; this was found to be associated with an increased Estradiol:Progesterone ratio.